I'm getting lots of overlap between my passes and it makes my print messy.

I’m getting lots of overlap between my passes and it makes my print messy. Lowering flow rate does not seem to solve the problem. Printrbot Simple with Cura

Your first layer looks way to thin. Try resetting your flow rate and feed rates and getting your first layer to be just a little thicker

Could my tip to bed distance just be too narrow?

Yes. Your first layer is too thin. Assuming you are using the auto leveling probe to auto level and set the first layer height, I would say you need to adjust your probe offset in the firmware

Yes, that’s the most likely cause, increase that a bit and it should help significantly.

You want your first layer to be flattened, but not totally smashed.

Wow yup first layer too thin. Surprised you’re not grinding notches onto the filament due to back pressure.
(Speaking from experience and a destroyed, melted J-head)

Adjust your probe. Lower it a bit

Your first layer height isn’t good. You need to move your head up

If your Printrbot uses the same firmware as mine (with the auto-leveling program) you can adjust the nozzle higher as follows:

Execute the M501 command:

The final line should be the Z offset, something like this:

13:08:22.028 : echo: M212 X20.00 Y0.00 Z-0.70

Here my offset is -0.7

To move further away from the bed, execute the M212 command, for example:

M212 Z-0.5

Followed by the M500 command to save the new offset.

That example would move my Z offset higher by 0.2 mm.

By the looks of it, my guess is that you need to move about 0.4mm higher.

I hope this helps.

Yes, you are too close to the bed

What @Paul_Gross ​ said… As per Printrbot Commissioning Guide.

It looks like you’re too close to the bed. Also, you should be able to configure your first layer width. Slic3r default is 200% which might also be something to tinker with.