Is it possible to tell if MDF has formaldehyde in it, or if it is safe to use?
MDF will give off fumes, however, if you have a good exhaust hooked up to an outside vent, you should not experience any problems. PVC is the big NO-NO, it will give off chlorine gas while being cut.
I can tell you that some plywood have a formaldehyde based glue in them…I would imagine that Mdf would be similar.