Nicolas has it right, join the G+ FreeCAD community or the phpbb forum where I’m always around. I’m still a total 3D printing newbie after 5 months with my printer, but I do know a thing or two about FreeCAD. 
To reference external geometries within a sketch, the sketch needs to be mapped to a planar face of the part you’re working on. Before creating a new sketch, click on the face on which the sketch will reside. There’s also a tool to map an existing sketch to a face. Click on the face you want to map the sketch to, then hit the “Map sketch to face” icon in the toolbar. A small dialog pops up, select your sketch in the drop down list. After clicking OK, you will be brought into sketch edit mode.
If there is no available planar face (for example you want to cut a hole into the side of a cylinder), here’s a workaround: https://plus.google.com/117324667497119008450/posts/BztXbdy94Dv
When a sketch is mapped to a solid, you don’t need to use boolean operations: a Pad will automatically be fused to the parent feature, or you can use the Pocket feature to cut away the parent shape.
When mapping sketches, you are working on a single part. When you don’t map a sketch, you are actually starting a new part, that you will have to fuse to/cut from your existing part.
The Part Design work flow is designed to drastically reduce the need for boolean operations. You still need them in some cases. Most of the time boolean failures are caused by the weakness of the underlying geometric kernel, Open Cascade, over which the FreeCAD developers have no control. But there are ways to overcome these problems, the best is to post your part so we can have a look at it.
In general when using booleans, make sure the shapes intersect; preferably they should not have coplanar faces, meaning one of the shape should intrude into the other and not sit flush. If you want to make a cut, the cutting shape should exceed from both sides of the cut part.
Finally the geometric kernel cannot deal with surface tangency. You have to remove the tangency situation beforehand. It’s a bit complicated to explain, I can provide examples if you want.