Smoothieboard - yes need adapter.
Brainz and my Remix, connect directly to EXP1 and EXP2 on the boards. Config is stock, just need to uncomment the first glcd section. Make sure to power externally not over USB. If any issues (not seeing activity on LCD) try unplugging EXP2 and try again. SD card circuit has been problematic once or twice.
The legacy character LCDs don’t have the correct signaling. SPI signaling is the default unless you make an adapter with a chip that interprets SPI to Hitachi style signaling. I don’t know if anyone made adapter boards for the converter chip and cabling.